31.10.2024

Инсталиране на Grafana в Ubuntu

Grafana is an open-source tool for visualizing and monitoring system metrics, providing powerful dashboards for data collected from various sources. This guide will show you how to install Grafana on Ubuntu, configure it, and set up your first dashboard to visualize data from sources like Prometheus, InfluxDB, or Elasticsearch.

1. Update System Packages

Before installing Grafana, update your system to ensure you have the latest package versions:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

2. Install Grafana

Grafana offers an official repository, making it easy to install on Ubuntu.

Step 1: Add the Grafana APT Repository

Add the official Grafana repository to your system by running:

sudo apt install -y software-properties-common

sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main"

Step 2: Install Grafana

Update your package list and install Grafana:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install grafana

3. Start and Enable Grafana

After installation, start the Grafana service and enable it to start on boot:

sudo systemctl start grafana-server

sudo systemctl enable grafana-server

To verify that Grafana is running, check its status:

sudo systemctl status grafana-server

4. Accessing the Grafana Web Interface

Grafana’s web interface is accessible on port 3000 by default. Open a web browser and navigate to:

http://your_server_ip:3000

When you access Grafana for the first time, you’ll need to log in with the default credentials:

Username: admin
Password: admin

You’ll be prompted to change the password after the initial login.

5. Configuring Grafana Data Sources

Grafana supports multiple data sources like Prometheus, InfluxDB, Elasticsearch, and MySQL. Here’s how to add a data source in Grafana.

Step 1: Go to Configuration

In the Grafana dashboard, click the gear icon on the left sidebar, then select Data Sources.

Step 2: Add a Data Source

Click Add data source and select your data source type (e.g., Prometheus, InfluxDB, MySQL).

Step 3: Enter Data Source Details

Enter the URL and connection details for your data source. For example, if using Prometheus running locally, you might set the URL to:

http://localhost:9090

Click Save & Test to verify the connection to your data source.

6. Creating Your First Grafana Dashboard

Once your data source is connected, create a dashboard to visualize data.

Step 1: Create a New Dashboard

In the left sidebar, click + and select Dashboard.
Click Add new panel.

Step 2: Configure the Panel

Choose your data source and select metrics to display.
Customize the visualization type (e.g., Graph, Gauge, Table) based on your data.

Step 3: Save the Dashboard

Once configured, click Apply to add the panel to your dashboard. You can add multiple panels to the same dashboard to create a comprehensive view of your metrics.

7. Setting Up Alerts (Optional)

Grafana’s alerting feature can notify you when certain thresholds are exceeded.

Open a panel and go to the Alert tab.
Click Create Alert and set the conditions for triggering an alert.
Configure notifications, such as email or Slack, under Notification channels in the Grafana settings.

8. Securing Grafana

For security, consider the following steps:

Set Up HTTPS: To enable HTTPS, you’ll need an SSL certificate. Edit the Grafana configuration file (/etc/grafana/grafana.ini) and add your certificate information under the [server] section.
Restrict Admin Access: In the Users section, control user permissions to restrict access to sensitive data.

9. Managing and Updating Grafana

To ensure Grafana remains up-to-date, periodically update it from the Grafana repository: